{"id":27239,"date":"2021-11-30T23:17:16","date_gmt":"2021-11-30T20:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b6%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a\/"},"modified":"2021-11-30T23:17:16","modified_gmt":"2021-11-30T20:17:16","slug":"%d9%85%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b6%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b6%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <div class=\"e3lan e3lan-in-post1\"><center><br>\r\n<!-- f.336.280 -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n    style=\"display:inline-block;width:336px;height:280px\"\r\n    data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0007602327247913\"\r\n    data-ad-slot=\"8804957031\"\r\n    data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br>\r\n<\/center><\/div>\n<br \/>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644<br \/>\n<br \/>\u0635\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<br \/>\n<br \/>#\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 #\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 #\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 #\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a #\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 #\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 #\u0635\u0641 #\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a #\u0639\u0634\u0631 #\u0639\u0627\u0645 #\u0641\u0635\u0644 #\u0623\u0648\u0644<br \/>\n<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_57_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\" role=\"button\"><label for=\"item-69f51e11afaf5\" ><span class=\"\"><span style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input aria-label=\"Toggle\" aria-label=\"item-69f51e11afaf5\" style='display:none' type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-69f51e11afaf5\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b6%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a\/#%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B5%D9%81_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\" title=\"\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\">\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b6%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a\/#%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9\" title=\"\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b6%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a\/#_%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81\" title=\"\u00a0\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\">\u00a0\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b6%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a\/#_Polymers_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA\" title=\"[ Polymers \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a ]\">[ Polymers \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a ]<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b6%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a\/#_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_Versatile_polystyrene\" title=\"[ \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a Versatile polystyrene ]\">[ \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a Versatile polystyrene ]<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b6%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a\/#_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA\" title=\"[ \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a ]\">[ \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a ]<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b6%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a\/#_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_Polyesters\" title=\"[ \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a Polyesters ]\">[ \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a Polyesters ]<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b6%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a\/#_%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7_Uses_for_Petroleum_Compounds\" title=\"[ \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 Uses for Petroleum Compounds ]\">[ \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 Uses for Petroleum Compounds ]<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b5-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b6%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a\/#_%D8%A5%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9_Depolymerization\" title=\"[ \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629\u00a0 Depolymerization ]\">[ \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629\u00a0 Depolymerization ]<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"featured-area\">\n<div class=\"featured-area-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"372\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637-\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621-\u0635\u0641-\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a-\u0639\u0634\u0631-\u0639\u0627\u0645.png?resize=618%2C372&#038;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-jannah-image-post size-jannah-image-post wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" is_main_img=\"1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"entry-content entry clearfix\">\n<div class=\"stream-item stream-item-above-post-content\">\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B5%D9%81_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\"><\/span>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<div class=\"stream-item stream-item-in-post stream-item-inline-post aligncenter\">\n<\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9\"><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641: \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641: pdf \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81\"><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"tie-highlight tie-highlight-blue\">\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin:20px auto;text-align:center;\">\n<div style=\"text-align:center;margin:2px auto;\">\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"docs-download-link\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/goto\/https:\/\/www.3lom4all.com\/vb\/re-3lom4all.php?link=11&#038;drive=1eyzpaNPcA3kVA3J-gQbVxBEIsn7IiOLX\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"display:block;text-decoration:none;width:50%;margin:0px auto;padding:10px;text-align:center;font-size:22px;border:0px solid green;color:#49A36A;\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:20px auto;\">\n<\/div>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_Polymers_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[ Polymers \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a ]<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>monomer is a small molecule that can combine with itself repeatedly to form a long chain<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"stream-item stream-item-in-post stream-item-inline-post aligncenter\">\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Polymers are long chains of monomers <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a :\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Often, two or more different monomers, known as copolymers, combine to make one polymer molecule <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 :\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u00a0 \u00a0Mono\u2013 means one<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a :\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u00a0 poly\u2013 meaning \u201cmany\u201d<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u064a\u0631 :\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629\u00a0 mer meaning \u201cpart or segment\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>Polymer properties The properties of polymers depend mostly o<\/strong><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u00a0 which monomers are used to make them<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u00a0 The amount of branching and the shape<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>polymers can be made light and flexible or strong enough to make plastic pipes, boats, and even some auto bodies<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong> Other polymers can be spun into threads for use in clothing, suitcases, and backpacks<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Hydrocarbon polymers\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Some polymers are made entirely of carbon and hydrogen<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<br \/><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>Polyethylene&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;ethene <\/strong><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>Polypropylene&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;propene<\/strong><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong> \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_Versatile_polystyrene\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[ \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a Versatile polystyrene ]<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Some polymers can take two completely different form<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Polystyrene forms brittle, transparent cases for CDs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>if a gas such as carbon dioxide is blown into the melted polystyrene as it is molded, bubbles will remain within the polymer when it cools. These bubbles make polystyrene the efficient insulator used in foam cups <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646 \u0641\u062e \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0648\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[ \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a ]<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Polymers can contain elements other than carbon and hydrogen<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Polyurethane has functional groups that contain oxygen and nitrogen<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646 :\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>polyvinyl chloride PVC, are ethene monomers with chlorine substituted for one hydrogen atom This substitution makes PVC harder and more heat resistant than polyethylene<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a (PVC) \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_Polyesters\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[ \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a Polyesters ]<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Synthetic fibers called polyesters are made from an organic acid that has two \u2212COOH groups and an alcohol that has two \u2212OH groups Polyester is strong because these chains are closely packed together <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a -\u0648 \u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a COOH -\u0641\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 OH \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong> Many varieties of polyesters can be made, depending on what alcohols and acids are used<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong> \u00a0<\/strong><br \/><strong>Those with the lowest boiling points condense on the topmost plates<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> A few compounds never condense at all and are collected as gases at the top of the tower<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641 :\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Why do the condensed liquids not fall back through the holes The reason is that pressure from the rising vapors prevents this <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong> the separation of the fractions is improved by the interaction of rising vapors with condensed liquid <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> The exact process es involved vary. For example, some towers add steam at the bottom to aid vaporization. The design and process used depend on the type of crude oil and on the fractions desired\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627 \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 :\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 .\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7_Uses_for_Petroleum_Compounds\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[ \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 Uses for Petroleum Compounds ]<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Other petroleum products are obtained by further purifying crude oil fractions using different techniques to isolate individual compounds.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>After these are separated, they can be converted into substituted hydrocarbons<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_%D8%A5%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9_Depolymerization\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[ \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629\u00a0 Depolymerization ]<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Depolymerization is a process that uses heat or chemicals to break the long polymer chain into its monomer fragments <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Disposing of polymers has become a problem because 1- polymers have been used so widely many polymers do not decompose<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<li><strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 .<\/strong><\/li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u2013 recycling, which recovers clean plastics for reuse in new products Many communities <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 :\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0Depolymerization is a process that uses heat or chemicals to break the long polymer chaininto its monomer fragments\u00a0 into its monomer fragments\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>{Her problem each polymer requires a different depolymerization process and much research is needed economical<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 :\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"e3lan e3lan-in-post2\"><center><br>\r\n<!-- auto -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0007602327247913\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1539421437\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br>\r\n<\/center><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a #\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 #\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 #\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 #\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a #\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 #\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 #\u0635\u0641 #\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a #\u0639\u0634\u0631 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27240,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[20779],"tags":[2351,19371,19373,19690,20814,1844,786,4,6344,672,9069,9487,100,4834,536,19699,3716,20813,3008,2448,19370,19372],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637-\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631-\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621-\u0635\u0641-\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a-\u0639\u0634\u0631-\u0639\u0627\u0645.png?fit=780%2C470&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pdhObK-75l","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27239"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27239"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27239\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}