{"id":29784,"date":"2021-12-05T16:11:43","date_gmt":"2021-12-05T13:11:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1\/"},"modified":"2021-12-05T16:11:43","modified_gmt":"2021-12-05T13:11:43","slug":"%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <div class=\"e3lan e3lan-in-post1\"><center><br>\r\n<!-- f.336.280 -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n    style=\"display:inline-block;width:336px;height:280px\"\r\n    data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0007602327247913\"\r\n    data-ad-slot=\"8804957031\"\r\n    data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br>\r\n<\/center><\/div>\n<br \/>\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n<br \/>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641: \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<br \/>\n<br \/>#\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 #\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 #\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a #\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 #\u0641\u064a #\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 #\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"587\" height=\"330\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645-\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.jpg?resize=587%2C330&#038;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-slider size-slider wp-post-image\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\"   data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_57_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter-rtl ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\" role=\"button\"><label for=\"item-69eaa069db692\" ><span class=\"\"><span style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input aria-label=\"Toggle\" aria-label=\"item-69eaa069db692\" style='display:none' type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-69eaa069db692\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9\" title=\"\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629:\">\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9\" title=\"\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629:\">\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9\" title=\"\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629:\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A\" title=\"\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a:\">\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8\" title=\"\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628: \">\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628: <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9\" title=\"\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:\">\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a:\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3\" title=\"\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633:\">\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1\/#%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84\" title=\" \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \"> \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"post-inner\">\n<div class=\"entry\">\n<p>\u0623\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 73 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a) <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>(\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 Quality \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1962 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623(<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>). \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u00a0\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0627 \u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-block code-block-5\" style=\"margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;\">\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a r \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0639\u062c\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0647)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 (\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0644) \u0623\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 )<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>(\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 Quality \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 Webester new world \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c )<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>(\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627\u00a0\u00a0 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u00a0 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632)<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>(.<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-block code-block-1\" style=\"margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;\">\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>):<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>1- \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645: <\/strong><\/span>\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">2- \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/span> <\/strong>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u00a0 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0632( Rhodes ) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641 Cheng) ( \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u201c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u201d<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-block code-block-6\" style=\"margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;\">\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647 (2007) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-31857\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631-\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.jpg?resize=499%2C466&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"499\" height=\"466\"   data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/p>\n<p>**\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<div class=\"code-block code-block-7\" style=\"margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;\">\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-31858\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1638709902_756_\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631-\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.jpg?resize=562%2C505&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"562\" height=\"505\"   data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u00a0\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627- \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-31859\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1638709903_911_\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631-\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.jpg?resize=618%2C296&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"618\" height=\"296\"   data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628: <\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633:<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627- \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>**\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u061b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645- \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a- \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649(1998). \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0632\u0648 \u0669\u0660\u0660\u0660 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635 26-29.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u062c\u0644\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0631\u0636\u0627(2013).\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2013 \u0635 86-94.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628(2020). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (2008- 2018)\u060c\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 https:\/\/arsco.org\/article-detail-1656-8-0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633(2013): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a http:\/\/www.uobabylon.edu.iq\/uobColeges\/lecture.aspx?fid=9&amp;lcid=36881 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 27-12-2020.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647(2007): \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635 25.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0645\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a ( 2006): \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0635 283.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 https:\/\/dohadictionary.org\/dictionary\/%D8%AC%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%92%D8%AF%D9%8E%D8%A9 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 27-12-2020<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a (2002):\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642)\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0635 \u0635 20-21.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u060c \u062f\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a ( 1996 ): \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 (\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a) \u060c\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635 1221.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Mike Hamlyn(2015). Why are universities important?, Available at https:\/\/blogs.staffs.ac.uk\/mikehamlyn\/2015\/06\/28\/why-are-universities-important\/<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Oxford dictionary: quality, Available at https:\/\/www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com\/definition\/english\/quality_1?q=Quality ,Date 28-12-2020.<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Rhodes,L.A;(1997):On the Road to Qality, Congress libray,USA.<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Webester new world: Quality, Available at https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/quality date 27-12-2020.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a>([1])Mike Hamlyn(2015). Why are universities important?, Available at <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/goto\/https:\/\/www.3lom4all.com\/vb\/re-3lom4all.php?link=https:\/\/blogs.staffs.ac.uk\/mikehamlyn\/2015\/06\/28\/why-are-universities-important\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/blogs.staffs.ac.uk\/mikehamlyn\/2015\/06\/28\/why-are-universities-important\/<\/a> .<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><\/a>([2]) \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633(2013): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/goto\/https:\/\/www.3lom4all.com\/vb\/re-3lom4all.php?link=http:\/\/www.uobabylon.edu.iq\/uobColeges\/lecture.aspx?fid=9&amp;lcid=36881\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.uobabylon.edu.iq\/uobColeges\/lecture.aspx?fid=9&amp;lcid=36881<\/a>\u00a0 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 27-12-2020.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/goto\/https:\/\/www.3lom4all.com\/vb\/re-3lom4all.php?link=https:\/\/dohadictionary.org\/dictionary\/%D8%AC%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%92%D8%AF%D9%8E%D8%A9\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/dohadictionary.org\/dictionary\/%D8%AC%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%92%D8%AF%D9%8E%D8%A9<\/a> \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 27-12-2020<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Webester new world: Quality, Available at <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/goto\/https:\/\/www.3lom4all.com\/vb\/re-3lom4all.php?link=https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/quality\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/quality<\/a> date 27-12-2020.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Oxford dictionary: quality, Available at\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/goto\/https:\/\/www.3lom4all.com\/vb\/re-3lom4all.php?link=https:\/\/www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com\/definition\/english\/quality_1?q=Quality\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com\/definition\/english\/quality_1?q=Quality<\/a> ,Date 28-12-2020.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u060c \u062f\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a ( 1996 ): \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 (\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a) \u060c\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635 1221.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0645\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a ( 2006): \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0635 283.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Rhodes,L.A;(1997):On the Road to Qality, Congress libray,USA.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a (2002):\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642)\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0635 \u0635 20-21.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647(2007): \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635 25.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649(1998). \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0632\u0648 \u0669\u0660\u0660\u0660 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635 \u0635 26-29.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628(2020). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (2008- 2018)\u060c\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/goto\/https:\/\/www.3lom4all.com\/vb\/re-3lom4all.php?link=https:\/\/arsco.org\/article-detail-1656-8-0\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/arsco.org\/article-detail-1656-8-0<\/a><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u062c\u0644\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0631\u0636\u0627(2013).\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2013\u0646 \u0635 \u0635 86-94.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84\"><\/span> \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u062f. \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f <\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a- \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e- \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<div class=\"e3lan e3lan-in-post2\"><center><br>\r\n<!-- auto -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0007602327247913\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1539421437\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br>\r\n<\/center><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641: \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a #\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 #\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 #\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a #\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 #\u0641\u064a #\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 #\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29788,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21043],"tags":[21117,8126,1934,13448,16304,786,4,21114,21116,21390,672,9069,11932,21115,29,21113],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/1638709903_\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631-\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.jpg?fit=800%2C450&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pdhObK-7Ko","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29784"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29784"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29784\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29788"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.difference.news\/edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}